Lebanon continues to face compounded crises severely impacting its education sector. The escalation of the Israeli aggressions between September and November 2024 exacerbated existing educational disruptions for the current academic year 2024–2025. More than a million civilians were displaced, and schools were either directly damaged or repurposed as shelters. According to the Ministry of Education and Higher Education’s (MEHE), the aggression directly affected approximately 500,000 students, teachers, and school staff (MEHE, 2024a). The government’s emergency response was insufficient to address the scale of the crisis, as it primarily relied on repurposing educational facilities as shelters for displaced populations without a strategy to sustain educational activities. As a result, 638 educational institutions—accounting for 43% of all schools were converted into shelters. Additionally, around 40% of educational institutions were either located in unsafe areas or had hazardous access routes, which left only 310 educational institutions operational during this period (MEHE, 2024b). 

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